What Is a Head-On Collision?

Head-on collisions differ from other crashes because the forces of both vehicles combine, resulting in an amplified impact.

Though head-on crashes are very rare, they account for nearly 11% of car crash fatalities, according to recent data from the Insurance Information Institute (III).

The severity of head-on collisions can be explained by the laws of physics. When two vehicles collide head-on, the impact force is equivalent to both vehicles’ combined speed and weight. For example, if two cars traveling at 50 miles per hour collide head-on, the force of impact would be similar to a collision at a speed of 100 miles per hour. This immense force can cause significant damage to the vehicles and severe injuries to the occupants.

Moreover, head-on collisions often occur on rural roads and highways where vehicles travel at higher speeds, further increasing the severity of the impact.

Several factors can contribute to the occurrence of head-on collisions in Arkansas. Understanding these causes can help drivers take preventive measures and reduce the risk of being involved in such deadly accidents.

Driver Behavior

Lack of driver focus is one of the most common causes of head-on collisions. Distracted driving, such as texting, eating, or adjusting the radio while behind the wheel, can cause drivers to veer into oncoming traffic.

Driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs impairs a driver’s judgment, reaction time, and ability to maintain their lane. Fatigue is another significant factor, as drowsy drivers may drift into the opposite lane, especially on long stretches of highway.

According to the Arkansas State Police, impaired driving and distracted driving contributed to 26% and 15% of all fatal crashes in the state in 2020, respectively. To minimize your odds of being in a head-on collision, always practice safe driving behaviors and stay attentive behind the wheel.

Improper Passing and Lane Departures

On two-lane roads, drivers may attempt to pass slower vehicles without ensuring there is sufficient space and visibility to do so safely, leading to collisions with oncoming traffic. Additionally, drivers may unintentionally depart from their lane due to distractions, fatigue, or poor road conditions, resulting in head-on crashes.

In Arkansas, improper passing and lane departures are prohibited under Arkansas Code § 27-51-306 and § 27-51-301, respectively.

Environmental and Road Conditions

Environmental and road conditions can also contribute to head-on collisions.

Poor visibility due to heavy rain, fog, or glare from the sun can make it difficult for drivers to see oncoming traffic or maintain their lane. Slippery roads caused by rain, ice, or oil spills can cause vehicles to lose traction and veer into the opposite lane. Additionally, insufficient road signage, markings, or lighting can make it challenging for drivers to navigate safely, especially on winding rural roads like many of ours in Arkansas.

The immense force involved in a head-on crash often results in severe injuries for vehicle occupants. Some of the most common injuries associated with head-on crashes include:

Seeking immediate medical attention after a head-on collision is crucial, even if injuries are not immediately apparent. Some serious injuries, such as internal bleeding or brain trauma, may not present symptoms until hours or days after the car accident

The immediate moments after a head-on collision can be overwhelming and confusing. However, taking the right steps can help ensure your safety and protect your legal rights.

Here’s what you should do.

While not all head-on collisions can be avoided, you can take several preventive measures as a driver to reduce your risk of being involved in a horrific accident:

• Always wear a seat belt: Wearing a seat belt can significantly reduce the risk of serious injury or death in a head-on collision.
• Avoid distractions: Keep your focus on the road and avoid activities that take your eyes, hands, or mind off the task of driving, such as texting, eating, or adjusting the radio.
• Maintain a safe following distance: Keeping a safe distance from the vehicle in front of you can give you more time to react to unexpected situations.
• Obey traffic laws: Follow speed limits, traffic signals, and road markings to reduce the risk of head-on collisions.
• Avoid driving under the influence: Never drive while under the influence of alcohol or drugs, as it significantly impairs your ability to operate a vehicle safely.
• Adjust to weather conditions: Reduce your speed and increase your following distance during inclement weather, such as heavy rain, snow, or fog.
• Maintain your vehicle: Regularly service your vehicle and ensure that your brakes, tires, and lights are in good working condition.